Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is an intermediate in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Isoprenoid compounds are a diverse group of natural products which are essential components in all cells. Isoprenoids are biosynthesized from the simple precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Eukaryotes, fungi, and some gram-positive bacteria produce IPP through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway whereas gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria utilize the non-mevalonate or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. GGPP is formed by the addition of IPP to farnesyl diphosphate catalyzed by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase.
Provided as the tris-ammonium salt
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